Cultural Dessert

'Empire' podcast: 'America: The Empire of Liberty'

3 October 2024

After a bit of a break, I've recently returned to listening to the excellent Empire podcast hosted by Anita Anand and William Dalrymple (originally reviewed here in January 2023). In particular, I've been listening to the series about America, which started with episode 148 (May 2024). The episodes on the Founding Fathers, George Washington, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin et al. and the American Revolution were very engaging, connecting me back to the excellent 2008 TV miniseries 'John Adams' starring Paul Giamatti and Laura Linney.

But it's the exploration of the Native American populations that covered the continent prior to the arrival of the Europeans in the 1500s that have been truly fascinating. Before European contact, Native American cultures in North America were highly diverse. I hadn't realised their degree of urbanisation. Around the year 1000 CE, Cahokia in present-day Illinois was a central city with a population of over 10,000 people. Part of a larger civilisation that included many satellite cities, Cahokia's central plaza was the size of 30 football fields, surrounded by large flat-topped pyramids used for religious and political purposes. Similar large-scale urban centres existed throughout North America, challenging the traditional narrative of Native Americans living solely in small scattered settlements. Francis Spufford's novel ‘Cahokia Jazz’ (reviewed here in February 2024) constructs a parallel universe in which the city of Cahokia is still going strong in the 1920s, dominated by a First Nations people who are led by a hereditary monarchy and have embraced a version of European Catholicism. In reality many of these Native American cities were abandoned by the 1500s, with populations living in more spread-out communities.

Contrary to the common portrayal of Native Americans as one monolithic group, there were hundreds of distinct nations across North America, each with its own customs, languages, political structures and territories. The notion of an empty continent ripe for the taking by the Europeans is now completely refuted. And the treatment of Native Americans by the United States government was often brutal and genocidal. The Indian Removal Act of 1830, which forced the relocation of tribes along the 'Trail of Tears', dispossessed Native Americans of their lands through horrific extermination campaigns including the use of poison. Chillingly, this policy of Indian removal in the 19th century influenced ethnic cleansing in other parts of the world, from Russia to German South West Africa to Nazi Germany. Russian officers in the Caucasus region in the 1840s saw the forced expulsion of Native Americans as a model for their own treatment of the Circassian people, one governor reportedly telling an American visitor that "Circassians are just like your American Indians" shortly before Russia deported 500,000 people. Even Adolf Hitler drew upon the American example when justifying the Nazi conquest of Eastern Europe, equating indigenous inhabitants with Indians and declaring that the Volga River would be their Mississippi, echoing the displacement of Native Americans from their lands.

The podcast format is very engaging, particularly the episodes with a guest historian, an expert in the relevant topic, to be quizzed by the hosts. I especially enjoyed the episode with Kathleen Duval discussing her book ‘Native Nations, a Millennium in North America’. The Empire podcast continues to be a rich source of fascinating, vibrant and relevant history, making me want to rush off and read all the books on the topic that they mention. All episodes of ‘Empire’ are available to download at: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/empire/id1639561921

Labels: Radio

posted by Robin Simpson @ 2:33 pm